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1.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 33(2): 87-94, 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-726132

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El desarrollo de una comunicación interventricular en la evolución de un infarto miocárdico es una complicación muy grave, aunque infrecuente. Objetivo: Comunicar nuestros resultados con el tratamiento quirúrgico de pacientes con comunicación interventricular post infarto (CIVPI) intervenidos en los últimos 22 años. Método: Analizamos en forma retrospectiva los antecedentes de los pacientes intervenidos entre Enero de 1991 y Diciembre de 2012. Revisamos fichas clínicas, protocolos operatorios y certificamos la mortalidad con el Registro Civil e Identificación de Chile. Resultados: Operamos 43 pacientes, edad promedio de 66,6 +/- 10,2 años. El 58 por ciento eran hombres, de menor edad que las mujeres (63,1 +/- 10,8 vs 71,5 +/- 6,9 años, p=0,006). El tiempo promedio entre el diagnóstico de infarto y de CIVPI fue 10 +/- 15 días. El 74 por ciento fueron intervenidos de urgencia. La CIVPI fue anterior en 58 por ciento. Se realizó revascularización miocárdica concomitante en el 58 por ciento. Trece pacientes fallecieron (30 por ciento) en el posoperatorio. Factores de riesgo de mortalidad operatoria fueron: cirugía de urgencia ( p = 0,019]) y uso de balón intra aórtico (p = 0,006). La cirugía realizada después de las 24 horas del diagnóstico tuvo una mortalidad significativamente menor (7,7 por ciento, p=0,033). El seguimiento promedio fue de 8,36 +/- 5,3 años. La supervivencia alejada, excluida la mortalidad operatoria, a 5 y 10 años, fue 93 por ciento y 71 por ciento, respectivamente. Conclusión: La CIVPI tiene elevada mortalidad operatoria, especialmente en pacientes intervenidos de urgencia y en los que requirieron balón de contra pulsación, pero la supervivencia alejada de los sobrevivientes es muy satisfactoria.


Background: The development of a ventricular septal defect (VSD) after myocardial infarction is a rare but very serious complication for which the treatment of choice is surgical repair. Aim: To report our results with patients operated on for post-infarction VSD in the last 22 years. Methods: This is a retrospective review of all patients operated for post infarction VSD between january 1991 and december 2012. We reviewed all clinical charts and operative notes. Longterm mortality was certified by the "Registro Civil e Identificación de Chile". Results: Fourty three patients with a mean age of 66.6 +/- 10.2 years underwent surgical repair. Fifty eight percent were males. The average time between myocardial infarction and the diagnosis of vsd was 10 +/- 15.2 days. Seventy four percent of patients were operated on as an emergency. In 58 percent of cases the VSD was located in the anterior septum. Myocardial revascularization was performed in 58 percent. Thirteen patients died for an operative mortality of 30 percent. Risk factors for operative mortality were emergency surgery (p = 0,04) and the use of intraaortic balloon pump (p = 0,004). Non emergency surgery had a much lower mortality rate ( 7,7 percent, p = 0,033). Survival excluding operative mortality at 5 and 10 years was 90 percent and 71 percent, respectively. Conclusions: Operative mortality for repair of post infarction VSD remains high, mainly in patients undergoing an emergency operation. Surgical survivors have a very good life expectancy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/surgery , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/mortality , Myocardial Infarction/complications , Chile , Hospital Mortality , Incidence , Myocardial Revascularization , Ventricular Septal Rupture/surgery , Ventricular Septal Rupture/mortality , Survival Analysis
2.
Indian Heart J ; 2003 Mar-Apr; 55(2): 161-6
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-3467

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of data regarding the long-term outcome of patients operated for ventricular septal defect with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated the long-term follow-up results of a selected cohort of patients with nonrestrictive ventricular septal defect and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance (>6 Wood units). Thirty-eight patients, median age 7.5 years (range 6 months-27 years), with nonrestrictive ventricular septal defect with severe pulmonary hypertension were operated between 1985 and 1996 at our institute. Preoperative pulmonary vascular resistance, ratio of pulmonary blood flow to systemic blood flow, and ratio of pulmonary vascular resistance to systemic vascular resistance were 7.63+/-1.8 Wood units, 1.9+/-0.48, and 0.41+/-0.12, respectively. The majority (68.4%) had perimembranous ventricular septal defect. Thirty patients (79%) had a good outcome and were asymptomatic at a mean follow-up of 8.7 years, with significant reduction in pulmonary artery pressures. Eight patients (21%) had a poor outcome, which included 5 immediate postoperative deaths, 1 late death and 2 surviving patients with persistent severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. There was no significant difference regarding hemodynamic parameters at baseline between those who had a good outcome and those who did not. Eleven patients with a preoperative pulmonary blood flow to systemic blood flow ratio of <2:1. who had a good outcome following surgery, underwent repeat catheterization at follow-up. There was a significant reduction in their mean pulmonary vascular resistance (8.03+/-1.4 v. 4.16+/-1.6 Wood units, p=0.001) and pulmonary vascular resistance to systemic vascular resistance ratio (0.41+/-0.12 v. 0.19+/-0.06, p=0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The late results of surgery on this selected group of patients with nonrestrictive ventricular septal defect with high pulmonary vascular resistance are encouraging. Operative correction of the ventricular septal defect should be actively considered in all children presenting with nonrestrictive ventricular septal defect with a significant left-to-right shunt, despite moderately elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Even among older patients with ventricular septal defect and moderately elevated pulmonary vascular resistance, there is a specific group that does well after operation.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Cardiopulmonary Bypass/mortality , Child , Child, Preschool , Cohort Studies , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/mortality , Hemodynamics/physiology , Humans , Hypertension, Pulmonary/mortality , India , Infant , Male , Retrospective Studies , Time , Treatment Outcome , Vascular Resistance/physiology
3.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-42847

ABSTRACT

Anesthetic management of cardiac patients with complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA) undergoing arterial switch operation (ASO) is challenging. The anesthetic course and perioperative problems were studied. A prospective data collection study of 87 patients was performed between January 1991 and February 2002. The patients were divided into 3 groups: Group 1; 27 neonates with TGA with an intact ventricular septum (IVS), Group 2; 21 with TGA, with IVS who underwent two-stage ASO, and Group 3; 39 with TGA, with a large VSD. The anesthesia consisted of low-dose fentanyl, thiopental, atracurium and isoflurane. Monitoring included ECG, radial or femoral arterial pressure, CVP, LAP, core temperature, SpO2, P(E)CO2, urine output, ABG's, Hct, ACT, serum glucose and potassium. Fortunately the courses of anesthesia were uneventful. Usual vasoactive medication administered following CPB included nitroglycerin, dobutamine and dopamine. Groups I, 2 and 3 contained 18.5 per cent, 14.3 per cent and 33.3 per cent of patients who required adrenaline respectively. And only 7.7 per cent of patients in Group 3 had milrinone as an inotrope. Early tracheal extubation, 2 hours after admission to ICU was performed in 3 patients. Perioperative complications included bleeding, low cardiac output, diaphragmatic paresis, digitalis intoxication, metabolic alkalosis, convulsion, pulmonary hypertensive crisis and death. Two patients who developed a pulmonary hypertensive crisis were successfully managed with inhaled nitric oxide. The overall hospital mortality rate was 19.54 per cent. In conclusion, the anesthetic management for ASO in 87 simple dTGA patients was uneventful at Siriraj Hospital. The major perioperative morbidity and hospital mortality were not directly anesthetic contribution.


Subject(s)
Analysis of Variance , Anesthesia/methods , Chi-Square Distribution , Female , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/mortality , Hospital Mortality , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Postoperative Complications , Prospective Studies , Transposition of Great Vessels/mortality , Treatment Outcome
4.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 8(2): 136-51, abr.-jun. 1993. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-160974

ABSTRACT

Pacientes com defeito septal atrioventricular de forma total (DSAVT) frequentemente apresentam insuficiência cardíaca intratável e hipertensäo arterial pulmonar nos primeiros meses de vida, e apenas uma minoria sobrevive sem tratamento cirúrgico precoce. Por essa razäo, indica-se a correçäo definitiva para alterar favoravelmente a história natural da doença. Entretanto, vários fatores säo responsáveis pela alta mortalidade cirúrgica. O presente trabalho estuda a experiência na correçäo cirúrgica do DSAVT com o objetivo de identificar alguns fatores de risco estatisticamente significativos para a ocorrência de morte operatória. Analisaram-se, retrospectivamente, 52 pacientes submetidos, entre janeiro de 1974 e dezembro de 1990, a cirurgia definitiva para correçäo de DSAVT no Royal Brompton and National Heart and Lung Institute, sendo estudadas as seguintes variáveis: idade, peso, sexo, ano de operaçäo, presença de síndrome de Down, grau de regurgitaçäo da valva AV, bandagem prévia do tronco pulmonar, presença de anomalias associadas, pressäo sistólica pulmonar, duplo orifício mitral, classificaçäo do defeito segundo Rastelli, emprego de parada circulatória e técnica de correçäo (1 x 2 retalhos). Todos os fatores foram avaliados isoladamente, mediante a análise univariada. Para determinar quais os fatores que, independentemente da açäo de outros, contribuíram significativamente para maior mortalidade cirúrgica, foi utilizada a análise multivariada com regressäo logística. A análise multivariada demonstrou que o baixo peso na época da operaçäo e a técnica de correçäo com um retalho aumentam significativamente a mortalidade cirúrgica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/surgery , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/surgery , Risk Assessment , Arterial Pressure , Body Weight , Heart Valve Diseases/mortality , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/epidemiology , Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/mortality , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/epidemiology , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/mortality , Surgical Procedures, Operative
5.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 4(2): 159-62, ago. 1989. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-164273

ABSTRACT

Designamos anomalias da conexao ventrículo-arterial toda a conexao que difere daquela de um coraçao normal. Dentro desta abordagem, nao utilizamos os termos ventrículo direito ou esquerdo com dupla via de saída, Taussig-Bing e transposiçao das grandes artérias, quando estes estao associados a uma comunicaçao interventricular. Nestas anomalias, o objetivo da correçao é o de conectar o ventrículo esquerdo com a aorta e o ventrículo direito com a artéria pulmonar. A estratégia que escolhemos é baseada na hipótese de que a correçao mais simples é aquela que nao exige a utilizaçao de um tubo protético, a transferência de coronárias, ou a septaçao complexa da cavidade ventricular. Baseados na experiência de 162 correçoes para as anomalias da conexao ventrículo-arterial, em uma série de 197 pacientes, utilizamos três tipos de correçao anatômica: a correçao intraventricular (tunelizaçao ventrículo esquerdo-aorta) em 35 pacientes, o REV (tunelizaçao ventrículo esquerdo-aorta associada a translocaçao do tronco pulmonar sobre o ventrículo direito) em 78 pacientes, e a operaçao de Jatene associada ao fechamento da comunicaçao interventricular em 49 pacientes. O tipo de correçao ideal é a correçao intraventricular, na qual a simples tunelizaçao ventrículo esquerdo-aorta estabelece uma conexao ventrículo-arterial normal. Ouando a correçao intraventricular nao é possível, nós indicamos o REV em presença de estenose pulmonar e a operaçao de Jatene na ausência desta. A questao principal é saber quando uma correçao intraventricular é realizável. A realizaçao desta é funçao da distância entre a valva tricúspide e a valva pulmonar. Se esta distância é suficientemente grande (igual ou superior ao diâmetro do orifício aórtico), o túnel intraventricular é realizável; se nao, outra modalidade de correçao é indicada. Nossa experiência atual sugere que a exploraçao pré-operatória das distâncias entre a valva tricúside e as válvulas semilunares é um critério essencial para a escolha da correçao apropriada para as anomalias da conexao ventrículo-arterial associadas a uma comunicaçao interventricular. Esta estratégia nao se opoe às outras classificaçoes usuais, baseadas na posiçao das grandes artérias, ou na situaçao da comunicaçao interventricular, e ela nos fornece informaçoes precisas quanto à possibilidade de realizar uma correçao intraventricular.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/surgery , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/mortality , Postoperative Complications/mortality , Retrospective Studies
6.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 4(1): 64-74, abr. 1989. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-164264

ABSTRACT

Os autores descrevem sua experiência com o tratamento cirúrgico de 42 pacientes portadores de comunicaçao interventricular (CIV) pós infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). Destacam a elevada mortalidade cirugica nos pacientes com choque cardiogênico instalado (66,6 por cento) em relaçao aos demais (9,5 por cento). A observaçao de descompensaçoes súbitas em pacientes hemodinâmicamente estáveis tem levado à indicaçao cirúrgica precoce, se possível, assim que estabelecido o diagnóstico da rotura do septo interventricular (RSI). O comprometimento de múltiplas artérias coronárias e faixas etárias elevadas foram considerados fatores agravantes no prognóstico cirúrgico. O mesmo nao ocorreu com a relaçao fluxo pulmonar/sistêmico e shunt E-D, que nao guardaram relaçao com a mortalidade. A técnica de exposiçao de ambas as cavidades ventriculares e reforço das 2 faces do septo roto com tecido biológico tem fornecido resultados gratificantes na correçao da RSI, especialmente de localizaçao posterior.


Subject(s)
Humans , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/surgery , Myocardial Infarction/surgery , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/etiology , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/mortality , Myocardial Infarction/complications
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